Pollution Status of Groundwater Resources Through Hydrochemical Characteristics - A Case Study From Southern India

S. Ponsadai Lakshmi; R. Deepa; S. Ganapathy Sankari; M. Jeyachandran

doi:10.46481/jnsps.2022.751

Authors

S. Ponsadai Lakshmi
lakshmiabinav@gmail.com
Department of Science and Humanities, E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College, Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India
R. Deepa Department of Science and Humanities, E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College, Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India
S. Ganapathy Sankari PG & Research department of chemistry, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishiekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
M. Jeyachandran PG & Research department of chemistry, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishiekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India

Keywords:

Mayiladuthurai district, Physicochemical parameters, BIS & WHO standards, Frequency histogram

Abstract

Mayiladuthurai is situated on the banks of river Cauveri. This research work aims to determine the quality of water which were collected from twenty groundwater sources. From the identified twenty locations, water samples were collected. The sampling stations include three taluks in the Mayiladuthurai district. The samples were analysed for various physicochemical qualities of water and compared with BIS & WHO standards. Frequency histogram and statistical analysis were applied to analyse the obtained data. Results of hydrochemistry revealed the dominance of hardness, magnesium and fluoride ions. The present investigation of hydrochemistry concludes that the drinking nature of the analyzed samples was very weak quality-wise and could not be used for drinking as such. Besides, fluoride ion related health problems were raised in some packets of the study area. The analytical report reveals that the quality of water has deteriorated and this may have a severe impact on human beings and other organisms in the study area.

Dimensions

REFERENCES

R. A. Freeze & J. A. Cherry, Groundwater, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 604 (1979).

M. Kumar, A. L. Ramanathan, M. S. Rao & B. Kumar. “Identification and evaluation of hydrogeochemical processes in the groundwater environment of Delhi, India”, Environmental Geology 50 (2006) 1025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0275-4

T. Subramani, N. Rajmohan & L. Elango, “Groundwater geochemistry and identification of hydrogeochemical processes in a hard rock region, South India”, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 162 (2010) 123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-0781-4

BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards), Indian standard drinking water specifications, IS 10500: 1991, Edition 2.2 (2003 - 09), Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi (2003).

WHO (World Health Organization), Guidelines for drinking-water quality [electronic resource]: incorporating first addendum. Vol. 1, Recommendations, 3rd ed., placeCityGeneva. ISBN 92 4 154696 4 (2006a).

D. Catroll, “Rain water as a chemical agent of geological process- a view”. USGS Water supply 1533 (1962) 18.

C. M. Shah, G. P. Shilpkar & B. P. Achyarya, “Ground water quality of Gandhinagar Taluka, Gujarat, India”, E – Journal of Chemistry 5 (2008) 435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/481694

WHO (World Health Organization), “Establishing National drinking water standards. Guidelines for drinking-water quality training pack”, (2006b) http://www.who.int/water sanitation health/dwq/S17.pdf .

G. N. Sawyer & D. L. McCartly, Chemistry of sanitary engineers (2nd edn), McCraw - Hill, New York 518 (1967).

B. K. Mohanta & A. K. Patra, “Studies on the water quality index of river Sanamachhakandana at Keonjhar Garh, Orissa, India”, Pollution Research 19 (2000) 377.

S. Ramesh, N. Sukumaran, A. G. Murugesan & M. P. Rajan, “An innovative approach of Drinking Water Quality Index—A case study from Southern Tamil Nadu, India”, Ecological Indicators 10 (2010) 857. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007

T. Ramkumar, S. Venkataramanan, I. A. Mary, M. Tamilselvi & G. Ramesh, “Hydrogeochemical quality of ground water in Vederaniyam town, Tamilnadu, India”, Research Journal of Environmental Earth Sciences 2 (2010) 44.

A. Geetha, P. N. Palanisamy, P. Sivakumar, P. G. Kumar & M. Sujatha, M, “Assessment of underground water contamination and effect of textile effluents on Noyyal river basin in and around Tiruppur town, Tamilnadu”,

E-Journal of Chemistry 5 (2008) 696.

S. B. Perumal & P. Thamarai, “Ground water quality after Tsunami in coastal area of Kanyakumari, South Tamil Nadu, India”, International Journal of Environmental Sciences 2 (2007) 99.

A. K. Singh, G. C. Mondal, S. Kumar, T. B. Singh, B. K. Tewary & A. Sinha, “Major ion chemistry, weathering processes and water quality assessment in upper catchment of Damodar river basin, India”, Environmental Geology 54 (2008) 745. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-007-0860-1

S. P. Lakshmi, S. G. Sankari, S. M. Prasanna & G. Madhurambal, “Evaluation of water quality suitability for drinking using drinking water quality index in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu in Southern India”, Groundwater

for sustainable development 6 (2018) 43.

B. O. Zhang, M. Hong, Y. Zhao, X. Lin, X. Zhang & J. Dong, “Distribution and risk assessment of fluoride in drinking water in the west plain region of Jilin Province, China”, Environmental Geochemistry and Health 25 (2003) 421. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EGAH.0000004560.47697.91

P. Gopalakrishnan, R. S. Vasan, P. S. Sarma, K. S. R. Nair & K. R. Thankappan, “Prevalence of dental fluorosis and associated risk factors in Alappuzha district, Kerala”, National Medical Journal of India 12 (1999) 99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-4356(99)80100-0

J. Hussain, K. C. Sharma & I. Hussain, “Fluoride in drinking water and its ill affect on human health – a review”, Journal of Tissue Research 4 (2004) 263.

N. J. Raju, “Iron contamination in groundwater: a case from Tirumala- Tirupati environs, India”, The Researcher 1 (2006) 32.

WRD (Water Resources Department), “Incidence of fluoride in Tamil Nadu - as on January 2008, Technical report. Government of Tamil Nadu”, 24 (2009).

USPHS (US Public Health Service), Drinking water standards, USPHS publications, Washington, DC 956 (1962).

M. K. Mahapatra, A. Mishra & B. P. Das, “Fluorosis first report in Naupada district of Orissa, India, Ecology Environment and Conservation”, Pollution Research 11 (2005) 277.

B. K. Handa, “Geochemistry and genesis of fluoride containing ground water in India”, Ground water 13 (1975) 275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1975.tb03086.x

W. W. Wenzel & W. E. H. Blum, “Fluoride speciation and mobility in fluoride contaminated soil and minerals”, Journal of Soil Sciences 153 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199205000-00003

(1992) 357.

N. S. Rao & A. T. Rao, “Fluoride in groundwaters in a developing area of Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India”, Journal of Applied Geochemistry 5 (2003) 94.

M. R. Sharma, A. B. Gupta & J. K. Bassin, “E ect of pollution on dissolved oxygen concentration in Hathli stream of Shivalik Himalayas”, Indian Journal of Environmental Sciences 8 (2003) 109.

G. Embery, “The molecular basis of Dental Fluorosis”, Fluoride 22 (1989) 137.

Meenakshi, V. K. Garg, R. Kavita & A. Malik, “Groundwater quality in some villages of Haryana, India: Focus on fluoride and fluorosis”, Journal of Hazardous Materials 106 (2004) 85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2003.09.007

D. Mishra, M. Mudgal, M. A. Khan, P. Padmakaran & B. Chakradhar, “Assessment of ground water quality of Bhavnagar region (Gujarat)”. Journal of Science Industrial Research 68 (2009) 964.

S. I. Omofonmwan & J. O. Eseigbe, “E ects of solid waste on the quality of underground water in Benin Metropolis, Nigeria”, Journal of Hum. Ecol. 26 (2009) 99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2009.11906171

D. Majumdar & N. Gupta, “Nitrate pollution of groundwater and associated human health disorders”, Indian Journal of Environmental health 42 (2000) 28.

S. P. Lakshmi & G. Madhurambal, “Groundwater quality assessment for different purposes in nagapattinam district, Tamil nadu, India”, Alfa Universal an International Journal of Chemistry 1 (2010) 108.

USSL (U.S. Salinity Laboratory Staff), Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. USDA handbook No. 60, 160.

R. S. Ayers & D. W. Westcot, Water quality for agriculture. FAO irrigation and drainage paper No. 29, Rev.1. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, (1954) 174.

V. Kimambo, P. Bhattacharya, F. Mtalo, J. Mtamba & A. Ahamed, “Fluoride occurrence in ground water systems at global scale and status of defluoridation- State of the art. Ground water for sustainable development”, 9 (2019) 100223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2019.100223

A. Dongzagla, S. Jewith & S. O’Hara, “Assessment of fluoride concentrations in drinking water sources in the Jirapa and Kassena- Nankana Municipalities of Ghana”, Ground water for Sustainable Development 9 (2019) 100272. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2019.100272

D. Umar, O. Omonona & C. O. Okogbue, “Groundwater quality assessment using multivariate analysis and water quality index in some saline fields of central Nigeria”, Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences 3 (2021) 267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2021.183

A. T. Olajide, S. Bayode, T. Faghemigun & A. R. Oyebamiji, “Evaluation of aquifer protectective capacity and ground water potential in part of Iju, Akure-North, Ondo state, Nigeria”, Journal of the Nigerian society of Physical Sciences 2 (2020) 197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2020.32

J. Coker, A. A. Rafiu, N. N Abdulsalam, A. S. Ogungbe, A. A. Olajide, A. Agbelemoge, “Investigation of ground water contamination from Akanran open waste dumpsite, Ibadan, South-western Nigeria, using geoelectrical and geochemical techniques”, Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences 3 (2021) 89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2021.166

J. Coker, H. H. Akpan, A. Atilade & O. F. Ojo, “Seasonal comparison of potential ground water aquifer in Ijebu-Ife, South-West, Nigeria, using dipole-dipole array and electromagnetic methods”, Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences 2 (2020) 197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2020.128

N. Kure, H. I. Daniel, C. G. Afuwai, E. J. Adoyi & I. A. Bello, “The delineation of ground water and geotechnical parameters within Marmara Area of Chikun local government of Kaduna state, Nigeria”, Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences 1 (2019) 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2019.2