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Volume 2, Issue 4, November 2020

Editorial: Exploring Matter, Mathematical Systems and the Physical Environment
The physical sciences seek to explain the behaviour of matter, energy, and natural systems through observation, experimentation, and mathematical reasoning. From the structure of atomic nuclei to the dynamics of the Earth's ionosphere, scientific investigations depend on our ability to develop reliable models, obtain meaningful measurements, and interpret results within established theoretical frameworks. The six original research articles published in this issue of the Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences (JNSPS) provide examples of these approaches across materials chemistry, numerical mathematics, geophysics, space physics, and nuclear science.

This issue is particularly significant because it brings together investigations conducted at markedly different physical scales. While some contributions examine the properties of engineered nanomaterials, others address the behaviour of nuclear systems, the response of the ionosphere to geomagnetic disturbances, and the identification of groundwater resources. Despite their differences, these investigations share a dependence on quantitative methods and the careful interpretation of scientific evidence.
Understanding Materials and Developing Computational Methods
The physical and chemical properties of materials are closely related to their structural characteristics and the conditions under which they are produced. This relationship is especially important in nanomaterials research, where relatively small changes in composition, morphology, or synthesis conditions may influence material behaviour. Labulo and colleagues address this subject in Effect of benzophenone on the physicochemical properties of N-CNTs synthesized from 1-ferrocenylmethyl (2-methylimidazole) catalyst. The authors investigate nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes synthesised through chemical vapour deposition, with particular attention to the influence of benzophenone on their physicochemical properties. The study contributes to the understanding of how chemical modifications and synthesis conditions affect carbon-based nanomaterials. Such investigations are relevant to the broader development of materials whose properties can be adjusted for specific scientific and technological applications.

Alongside experimental investigations, the development of reliable mathematical techniques remains essential to scientific progress. Differential equations arise naturally in the description of mechanical motion, transport processes, electrical systems, and many other physical phenomena. Higher-order differential equations can present additional computational challenges, particularly when numerical solutions must preserve acceptable accuracy over the interval of investigation.

In Numerical Algorithms for Direct Solution of Fourth Order Ordinary Differential Equations, Kuboye and colleagues develop hybrid numerical algorithms for solving fourth-order initial value problems directly. The investigation addresses an important aspect of numerical analysis: constructing computational methods that can treat higher-order equations without necessarily reducing them to systems of first-order equations. Research in this area contributes to the development of numerical techniques for mathematical models encountered in applied science and engineering.

The connection between these two contributions is methodological rather than disciplinary. Materials research requires dependable characterisation and interpretation, while numerical analysis requires algorithms whose mathematical properties justify their use. In both cases, confidence in the scientific findings depends on the suitability and reliability of the methods employed.
Geophysical Investigations: From the Ionosphere to the Subsurface
The Earth's physical environment consists of interacting systems operating across different spatial and temporal scales. Understanding these systems requires measurements capable of capturing variations in their properties and mathematical approaches for interpreting the observations.

Space weather provides a particularly important example. Geomagnetic disturbances can alter conditions in the ionosphere, affecting the distribution of charged particles and potentially influencing radio communication and satellite-based navigation systems. In GPS-TEC Variations over the African Low-latitude Ionosphere during March 2013 and 2015 Geomagnetic Storms, Ikubanni and colleagues investigate variations in ionospheric total electron content associated with geomagnetic storm events. Using observations from the East African sector, the authors examine ionospheric responses under disturbed geomagnetic conditions. The study contributes to the understanding of low-latitude ionospheric behaviour, a subject of continuing relevance because of the distinctive electrodynamic processes operating near the geomagnetic equator.

Closer to the Earth's surface, geophysical measurements provide essential information for understanding subsurface structures and identifying potential groundwater resources. The availability of groundwater depends on geological conditions, while geophysical responses may also be influenced by variations in moisture content and other environmental factors. These considerations make the interpretation of field measurements an important component of groundwater investigations.

Coker and colleagues examine this problem in Seasonal Comparison of Potential Groundwater Aquifer in Ijebu-Ife, South-West, Nigeria, using Dipole-Dipole Array and Electromagnetic Methods. The study employs integrated geophysical methods to investigate potential groundwater-bearing formations under different seasonal conditions. By considering both dry and wet periods, the research addresses the influence of seasonal variation on geophysical observations and their interpretation. The contribution highlights the value of combining measurement techniques when investigating subsurface conditions relevant to groundwater exploration.

The two geophysical studies illustrate an important characteristic of environmental research. Observations must be interpreted with reference to the physical processes responsible for the measured signals. Whether the quantity of interest is electron content in the ionosphere or electrical response in the subsurface, meaningful conclusions require an understanding of the conditions under which measurements are obtained.
Investigating Nuclear Structure and Radioactive Decay
At the nuclear scale, the interaction of constituent particles gives rise to phenomena that require both sophisticated theoretical descriptions and precise experimental measurements. Nuclear models are essential for understanding decay processes, while spectroscopic techniques provide information about excited nuclear states and their properties.

The contribution by Yahya, Alpha decay half-lives of 171-189Hg isotopes using Modified Gamow-like model and temperature dependent proximity potential, investigates alpha-decay half-lives in mercury isotopes using modified theoretical descriptions of nuclear barrier penetration. Alpha decay provides an important testing ground for models of nuclear interaction and radioactive transformation. The study considers the influence of different potential descriptions on calculated decay characteristics, contributing to the assessment of theoretical approaches used in nuclear physics.

A complementary experimental perspective is presented in Prompt Response Function (PRF) of Lifetime Measurement in the 2+ State of 192Os Nuclei Energy Levels from Triple-Gamma Coincidence Techniques, by Daniel and colleagues. The work addresses the prompt response function associated with nuclear lifetime measurements using gamma-ray coincidence techniques. Accurate determination of nuclear state lifetimes requires careful consideration of detector timing characteristics and instrumental response. Such measurements provide information relevant to nuclear structure and the interpretation of electromagnetic transitions between nuclear energy levels.

Together, these contributions demonstrate the complementary roles of theoretical modelling and experimental measurement in nuclear science. Mathematical descriptions provide estimates of nuclear properties, while experimental techniques allow those descriptions to be examined against observable quantities. The continued refinement of both approaches remains necessary for improving our understanding of nuclear systems.
Maintaining Scientific Quality in a Changing Research Environment
The publication of this issue takes place during a period in which the COVID-19 pandemic has substantially affected academic and research activities across the world. Restrictions on physical interaction, difficulties in accessing laboratories, and disruptions to institutional activities have created challenges for researchers, particularly those whose investigations depend on experimental facilities and field measurements. These circumstances have also emphasised the importance of scientific communication and the continued exchange of research findings.

For JNSPS, the responsibility to maintain scholarly publishing during such a period must be balanced with an equally important obligation to preserve editorial quality. Changes in research circumstances should not weaken the standards by which scientific contributions are evaluated. The validity of mathematical derivations, the reliability of experimental observations, and the appropriateness of computational methods remain fundamental considerations in manuscript assessment.

As we conclude the second volume of the journal, our priorities continue to centre on scientific originality, methodological soundness, and research integrity. We recognise that a journal's contribution to science is determined not simply by the number of articles it publishes but by the reliability and lasting value of the knowledge it makes available. Careful peer review, transparent editorial procedures, and responsible scientific reporting will therefore remain essential elements of our publication process.

The range of subjects represented in this issue also reinforces our commitment to multidisciplinary scholarship. Theoretical investigations and experimental studies should not be viewed as competing approaches to scientific advancement. Rather, they provide complementary means of understanding nature. We shall continue to welcome manuscripts that address fundamental questions, develop improved analytical methods, investigate physical phenomena, and provide scientifically justified solutions to practical problems.

The completion of Volume 2 represents another stage in the development of the Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences. I acknowledge the efforts of the authors, reviewers, and editorial team whose contributions have supported the publication of the journal throughout 2020. I also appreciate the continued support of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences in sustaining this scholarly initiative.

Our task in the years ahead is to consolidate the progress already made while remaining attentive to the changing demands of scientific research and scholarly communication. This requires an editorial culture in which the quality of evidence takes precedence over the attractiveness of a result, and where scientific conclusions remain open to critical examination.

The studies presented in this issue remind us that scientific progress is achieved through different but connected forms of inquiry. Whether investigating the properties of nanomaterials, developing numerical algorithms, examining the Earth's environment, or studying nuclear phenomena, the fundamental objective remains the same: to deepen our understanding of the physical world through rigorous and reproducible research. It is this commitment that will continue to guide the development of JNSPS.

B. J. Falaye
Editor-in-Chief, Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences
November 15, 2020
Volume 2, Issue 3, August 2020

Editorial: Mathematical Innovation and Experimental Discovery in Addressing Scientific and Societal Challenges
A defining feature of scientific progress is the continuous refinement of the methods through which problems are investigated. In mathematics, this may involve developing new analytical techniques or improving the stability and accuracy of numerical algorithms. In experimental physics, progress often depends on increasingly precise measurements and the ability to distinguish physical phenomena that were previously difficult to resolve. In the earth and environmental sciences, reliable observations and mathematical models provide the basis for understanding natural resources and changes in environmental conditions. These different forms of investigation are represented in Volume 2, Issue 3 of the Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences (JNSPS).

This issue brings together twelve original research articles spanning pure and applied mathematics, numerical analysis, nuclear physics, mass spectrometry, geophysics, climate modelling, materials processing, and mathematical finance. The range of contributions reflects the multidisciplinary scope of the journal and provides an opportunity to consider how scientific methods developed within one discipline may contribute to understanding problems in another.

Mathematical analysis occupies a prominent position in this issue, particularly through investigations of differential equations, optimisation problems, and numerical approximation. These subjects remain fundamental to scientific research because many physical and economic processes are described by equations whose solutions require careful mathematical treatment.

In A Purusit Differential Game Problem on a Closed Convex Subset of a Hilbert Space, Badakaya and Muhammad investigate a pursuit differential game involving several pursuers and a single evader within a closed convex subset of a Hilbert space. Differential game theory provides a mathematical framework for analysing situations in which the behaviour of one participant depends on the actions of others. The formulation of such problems in abstract spaces extends their mathematical treatment beyond conventional finite-dimensional settings. This contribution illustrates the continuing relevance of functional analysis and differential equations to the study of dynamic interactions and mathematical control problems.

The development of numerical methods constitutes another major theme. Fadugba, Ogunyebi and Falodun, in An Examination of a Second Order Numerical Method for Solving Initial Value Problems, investigate a numerical technique for approximating solutions of ordinary differential equations. The reliability of numerical solutions depends on several considerations, including the consistency, convergence, and stability of the algorithm. The study contributes to the evaluation of numerical procedures for initial value problems and reinforces the importance of examining the mathematical properties of computational methods before applying them to practical models.

Related questions arise when differential equations contain singular terms or exhibit behaviour that challenges conventional integration techniques. Ogunniran and colleagues address this concern in Linear Stability Analysis of Runge-Kutta Methods for Singular Lane-Emden Equations. Their investigation examines the stability characteristics of Runge-Kutta methods in the treatment of singular Lane-Emden equations. Such equations arise in several areas of applied mathematics and mathematical physics, including models involving radial symmetry. The work emphasises that the effectiveness of a numerical method cannot be judged solely by its order of accuracy; its stability properties must also be considered.

A complementary approach is presented by Uwaheren and colleagues in Perturbed Collocation Method For Solving Singular Multi-order Fractional Differential Equations of Lane-Emden Type. The authors consider a class of fractional differential equations involving singularities and employ a perturbed collocation procedure to construct approximate solutions. Fractional differential equations extend the mathematical description of dynamical systems beyond integer-order derivatives, while collocation methods provide a systematic approach to numerical approximation. Their combination offers another direction for investigating mathematical models that may be difficult to solve using conventional analytical techniques.

The numerical analysis contributions are further strengthened by L-Stable Block Hybrid Numerical Algorithm for First-Order Ordinary Differential Equations, in which Akinnukawe and Muka develop an L-stable block hybrid multistep method. L-stability is particularly relevant when solving stiff differential equations because it concerns the numerical treatment of strongly decaying solution components. The proposed algorithm contributes to the development of computational techniques intended to provide reliable approximations under demanding numerical conditions.

These studies collectively demonstrate that numerical mathematics is not simply concerned with producing approximate answers. Its deeper objective is to establish methods whose mathematical properties justify confidence in the computed results. Accuracy, convergence, and stability are essential considerations, particularly where numerical predictions are subsequently used to interpret physical processes or support practical decisions.

Beyond mathematical analysis, this issue includes experimental investigations in nuclear physics and precision measurement. Daniel and McAsule, in Measurement of the Excited Energies Identified in 42Ca using the ROSPHERE Gamma-ray Arrays, investigate excited nuclear energy levels associated with calcium-42 using gamma-ray detection techniques. Nuclear spectroscopy provides important information about the energy structure of atomic nuclei and the transitions between excited states. The use of gamma-ray detector arrays enables researchers to identify and examine radiation associated with nuclear processes. This contribution illustrates the importance of experimental measurements in improving our understanding of nuclear structure.

Another investigation concerned with precision measurements is presented by Dyavappa in The Mass Resolution of Ca, K Isotopes and CO, N2 and C2H4 Isobars in Isotopes Separator On-Line trap Mass spectrometry. The study examines mass resolution in an isotope separator on-line trap system, considering selected isotopes and isobars. Accurate mass separation is essential in experiments where species with closely related mass-to-charge ratios must be distinguished. The investigation highlights the relationship between ion trapping, cyclotron-frequency measurements, and the precision required for reliable mass spectrometric analysis.

The inclusion of these experimental studies alongside mathematical contributions reflects an important relationship in the physical sciences. Mathematical models provide descriptions of physical systems, but experimental measurements are required to investigate their properties and test theoretical expectations. Similarly, the interpretation of experimental observations often depends on mathematical and computational methods. Progress in either direction can therefore support developments in the other.

Environmental investigations constitute another important component of this issue. Climate variability and groundwater availability are subjects of considerable scientific and practical relevance, particularly in regions where environmental conditions influence agriculture, water supply, and economic activities.

In Modelling and Forecasting Climate Time Series with State-Space Model, Adedotun and colleagues investigate climatic observations using a state-space modelling framework. Climate records often exhibit temporal variation, changing trends, and statistical dependence that require appropriate mathematical descriptions. State-space models provide a framework for representing observed data through underlying processes and measurement relationships. The study demonstrates the application of statistical modelling to the analysis and forecasting of climate-related time series.

Groundwater exploration is addressed in Evaluation of Aquifer Protective Capacity and Groundwater Potential in Part of Iju, Akure-North, Ondo State, Nigeria, by Olajide and colleagues. The authors employ integrated geophysical methods to investigate groundwater potential and the protective characteristics of subsurface formations. Understanding aquifer conditions is important not only for identifying potential groundwater resources but also for assessing their vulnerability to contamination. This work illustrates the role of geophysical investigation in supporting groundwater development and environmental assessment.

The practical relevance of scientific research is equally evident in the study of naturally occurring materials. Olaoluwa and colleagues, in Dissolution of a Nigerian sourced Muscovite ore for use as an ingredient in paint production, examine the dissolution and purification of muscovite ore using hydrochloric acid. The investigation considers processing conditions relevant to obtaining a material suitable for industrial applications. Research on locally available mineral resources is important because the properties and quality of raw materials influence their suitability for manufacturing processes. The study contributes to the scientific assessment of mineral processing methods and their potential industrial relevance.

Three further articles address mathematical approaches to financial decision-making, with particular attention to investment strategy, pension management, inflation, and uncertainty in financial markets.

Osu and colleagues, in On the Investment Strategy, Effect of Inflation and Impact of Hedging on Pension Wealth during Accumulation and Distribution Phases, examine investment decisions associated with pension wealth over different stages of financial planning. Pension management presents a long-term optimisation problem in which accumulated contributions, investment returns, inflation, and financial risks must be considered. The study contributes to the mathematical analysis of pension investment strategies and the factors that influence wealth accumulation and distribution.

In a related contribution, Akpanibah and Ini investigate Portfolio Strategy for an Investor with Logarithm Utility and Stochastic Interest Rate under Constant Elasticity of Variance Model. Their work considers the optimisation of an investor's terminal wealth under a mathematical framework involving stochastic interest rates and a constant elasticity of variance model. Stochastic financial models provide a means of incorporating uncertainty into investment decisions, while utility functions represent preferences concerning financial outcomes. The study demonstrates the relevance of stochastic calculus and optimisation theory to financial mathematics.

The presence of these financial investigations within a multidisciplinary scientific journal is consistent with the broad applicability of mathematics. Techniques developed in probability theory, differential equations, and optimisation can be applied to problems in which uncertainty and dynamic behaviour play important roles. Their scientific value rests on the validity of the mathematical formulation, the assumptions adopted, and the extent to which the resulting analysis addresses the stated problem.

An important characteristic of the present issue is the balance between methodological development and practical application. Several contributions are concerned primarily with establishing or improving mathematical techniques, while others employ scientific methods to investigate nuclear properties, environmental conditions, industrial materials, or financial systems. This diversity is valuable because fundamental methodological research and application-driven investigations support different stages of scientific advancement.

The publication of this issue also comes at a time when the global research community continues to experience disruptions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. During this period, access to experimental facilities, field locations, and conventional academic activities has been restricted in many institutions. Nevertheless, the scientific community has continued to demonstrate the importance of research collaboration and the exchange of reliable scientific information.

For JNSPS, these circumstances reinforce the need for a publication process that remains committed to scientific quality. The development of new theories and numerical methods requires careful verification, just as experimental and observational investigations require dependable measurements and appropriate interpretation. Editorial assessment must therefore remain centred on originality, methodological soundness, and the validity of reported findings.

As the journal continues its second year of publication, we intend to strengthen its role as a platform for researchers working across the mathematical and physical sciences. The publication of twelve original research articles in this issue reflects the breadth of contributions that can emerge from different scientific disciplines. However, the long-term development of the journal must continue to be guided by research quality rather than publication volume alone.

I acknowledge the authors for their contributions and the reviewers for providing the critical assessments necessary to support responsible scholarly publishing. The efforts of the editorial team and the continued support of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences are equally appreciated.

The contributions in this issue demonstrate that scientific progress is not confined to a particular discipline or method. It emerges through the development of mathematical ideas, the refinement of experimental techniques, and the application of reliable scientific approaches to problems of theoretical and practical significance. Our continuing responsibility is to provide a credible platform through which such contributions can be examined, communicated, and developed further.

B. J. Falaye
Editor-in-Chief, Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences
July 31, 2020
Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2020

Editorial: From Fundamental Physics to Applied Mathematics: The Continuing Relevance of Quantitative Scientific Research
The strength of the physical sciences lies in their ability to describe natural phenomena through measurable quantities, mathematical relationships, and experimentally testable predictions. A physical system may involve the motion of a single charged particle, the transport of chemical species, the interaction of the Earth's atmosphere with solar radiation, or the conversion of sunlight into electrical energy. Although these problems differ considerably in scale and application, their investigation relies on a common foundation of mathematical reasoning, physical principles, and quantitative analysis.

This connection between fundamental physics and applied mathematics is evident in the second issue of Volume 2 of the Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences (JNSPS). The six original research articles published in this issue address ion confinement, transport phenomena, numerical solutions of differential equations, ionospheric variability, photovoltaic systems, and nonlinear oscillations. The contributions demonstrate how established mathematical and physical principles can be developed into useful methods for investigating complex scientific problems.

The opening contribution, Energy distribution of an ion cloud in a quadrupole Penning Trap, by Dyavappa, examines the behaviour of charged particles confined within a Penning trap. Such devices employ a combination of electric and magnetic fields to restrict particle motion, with electrostatic confinement acting along the axial direction and magnetic confinement governing the radial motion. Understanding the energy distribution of confined ions is relevant to investigations in atomic and plasma physics, precision measurements, and charged-particle dynamics. The study provides a theoretical perspective on the behaviour of ion ensembles under controlled electromagnetic conditions and illustrates the importance of classical electrodynamics in the analysis of particle confinement systems.

The movement of particles and chemical species also presents important mathematical questions in transport theory. In Mathematical modelling of concentration profiles for species transport through the single and the interconnected multiple-compartment systems, Adedire and Ndam investigate concentration distributions in compartmental systems involving the movement of chemical species through separating boundaries. Compartmental models provide a means of representing transport processes in which material exchange occurs between connected regions. Their applications extend to chemical engineering, environmental science, biological transport, and other systems governed by diffusion and reaction processes. The contribution demonstrates how mathematical descriptions can be used to examine concentration changes and the influence of system configuration on transport behaviour.

A central difficulty in mathematical modelling is that many differential equations arising from scientific problems do not possess solutions that can be expressed conveniently in closed analytical form. This makes the development of accurate and computationally efficient numerical techniques an essential part of applied mathematics. Kuboye and colleagues address this subject in Solving third order ordinary differential equations directly using hybrid numerical models. Their work develops numerical methods for third-order initial value problems using multistep collocation techniques. Rather than relying exclusively on the reduction of higher-order equations into first-order systems, direct numerical methods provide alternative procedures for obtaining approximate solutions. The investigation contributes to the continuing development of numerical algorithms for differential equations encountered in physical and engineering applications.

Beyond laboratory and mathematical systems, the Earth's ionosphere provides an important natural environment for investigating the interaction between solar radiation, charged particles, and the geomagnetic field. Variations in ionospheric electron density influence the propagation of electromagnetic signals and are particularly relevant to satellite navigation and communication technologies.

In Inter-Hemispheric Comparison of Ionospheric TEC Variation at Each Latitudinal Band During Quiet Geomagnetic Condition, Adebiyi and colleagues examine total electron content variations across selected latitudinal regions in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres under quiet geomagnetic conditions. The study considers the spatial and temporal behaviour of ionospheric electron content and contributes to understanding how ionospheric conditions differ between geographic regions. Such investigations are valuable because the establishment of quiet-time ionospheric characteristics provides a reference for examining disturbances associated with geomagnetic activity and other space-weather phenomena.

Energy conversion represents another field in which physical modelling plays a direct role in technological development. Photovoltaic devices convert incident solar radiation into electrical energy, but their output depends on several factors, including operating voltage, current, temperature, illumination, and device characteristics. Identifying operating conditions that maximise electrical power is therefore an important problem in photovoltaic system analysis.

Alfa and colleagues investigate this subject in Optimal Power Point on the I-V Curve of a Photovoltaic Solar System (Modelling and Analysis). The authors examine the relationship between current, voltage, and power generation in photovoltaic systems using mathematical modelling. Their analysis addresses the determination of operating conditions associated with maximum power output. The study demonstrates the relevance of quantitative modelling to photovoltaic performance assessment and the wider effort to improve the efficiency of solar energy utilisation.

The final contribution returns to the mathematical investigation of nonlinear dynamical systems. Nonlinear differential equations frequently describe oscillatory phenomena whose behaviour cannot be adequately represented by simple linear approximations. The van der Pol equation is a well-established example, providing a mathematical description of nonlinear oscillations and self-sustained dynamical behaviour.

In Comparison of the Solution of the Van der Pol Equation Using the Modified Adomian Decomposition Method and Truncated Taylor Series Method, Ndam and Adedire examine two approaches to obtaining approximate solutions of the van der Pol equation. By comparing the modified Adomian decomposition method with a truncated Taylor series approach, the study addresses the performance of analytical approximation techniques in the treatment of nonlinear differential equations. Such comparisons are important because the suitability of an approximation method depends on its ability to reproduce the behaviour of the underlying system within an acceptable range of accuracy.
Scientific Research in a Period of Global Disruption
The publication of this issue coincides with an extraordinary period in modern scientific history. The emergence of COVID-19 and its rapid progression into a global pandemic have significantly disrupted academic activities, laboratory investigations, scientific conferences, and international research collaboration. Universities and research institutions across many countries have introduced restrictions that have altered the conditions under which scientific work is conducted.

These developments have reinforced the importance of mathematical modelling, computational methods, and reliable scientific communication. Although the research articles in this issue do not directly address the pandemic, they demonstrate the breadth of quantitative techniques that remain central to scientific investigation. Differential equations, numerical algorithms, statistical reasoning, and computational modelling are among the mathematical tools that allow researchers to investigate complex systems across disciplines.

The current circumstances also raise important questions about the continuity of research activities and the responsibilities of scholarly publishers. Scientific communication must remain active even when conventional academic interactions become difficult. At the same time, the need to disseminate research should not compromise the standards of scientific evaluation. The urgency of publication cannot replace the careful verification of methods, results, and conclusions.

For the Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences, these considerations strengthen our commitment to responsible editorial practice. We recognise that the usefulness of a scientific publication depends on the confidence readers can place in its findings. Manuscripts must therefore be assessed according to their originality, methodological validity, clarity of presentation, and contribution to existing knowledge. Whether a study is theoretical, computational, or experimental, its conclusions should follow logically from the evidence and analysis presented.

The diversity of research represented in this issue also illustrates why multidisciplinary scientific publishing remains valuable. Advances in numerical mathematics may support future investigations in physics and engineering. Studies of electromagnetic systems can contribute to improved measurement techniques, while mathematical descriptions of transport processes may inform research in chemistry, biology, and environmental science. The exchange of methods and ideas across disciplinary boundaries creates opportunities for scientific progress that may not emerge from isolated investigations.

As JNSPS continues its second year of publication, we shall seek to preserve this breadth while maintaining clear expectations concerning scientific quality. Our intention is to provide a scholarly platform in which fundamental research and practical applications receive appropriate consideration, provided that the investigations are carefully conducted and their findings contribute meaningfully to the scientific literature.

I acknowledge the contributions of the authors whose research appears in this issue, as well as the reviewers who have undertaken the important responsibility of evaluating the manuscripts. I also appreciate the continuing efforts of the editorial team and the support of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences. Their commitment is particularly valuable at a time when academic and research activities face unusual challenges.

The present circumstances remind us that scientific progress requires both intellectual commitment and institutional resilience. The pursuit of knowledge must continue despite difficulties, supported by collaboration, critical evaluation, and responsible communication of research findings.

As we publish this second issue of Volume 2, I hope that its contributions will encourage further investigation into the mathematical and physical principles governing natural and technological systems. The value of scientific research lies not only in answering existing questions but also in providing the methods, evidence, and understanding from which new questions can emerge.

B. J. Falaye
Editor-in-Chief, Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences
May 13, 2020
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2020

Editorial: Mathematical Approaches to Uncertainty, Numerical Computation and Emerging Technologies
Uncertainty is an unavoidable feature of scientific investigation. Whether it arises from fluctuations in financial markets, incomplete statistical information, complex dynamical systems, or limitations in experimental measurements, its proper treatment requires mathematical methods that are both rigorous and appropriate to the problem under consideration. At the same time, advances in numerical computation continue to expand our ability to investigate systems for which exact analytical solutions are difficult or unavailable. These considerations provide a useful perspective on the research presented in the first issue of Volume 2 of the Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences (JNSPS).

The commencement of our second publication year offers an opportunity to extend the foundation established during 2019. The journal remains dedicated to publishing original contributions across mathematics, statistics, physics, astronomy, chemistry, earth sciences, computer science, and related disciplines. Our emphasis is on the scientific value of the research, the reliability of the methods employed, and the extent to which the findings improve existing understanding.

Six research articles are included in this issue, with a substantial emphasis on mathematical analysis, numerical techniques, optimisation, and statistical modelling. The contributions illustrate how mathematical methods can be adapted to problems ranging from financial decision-making to differential equations and the treatment of incomplete or sensitive information. The issue also includes research in photovoltaic materials, reflecting the continuing importance of experimental materials science in the development of energy technologies.

Financial systems provide an important example of decision-making under uncertainty. Investment outcomes depend on fluctuating market conditions, changing financial obligations, and the need to balance risk against expected returns. In Analysis of a Stochastic Optimal Control for Pension Funds and Application to Investments in Lower Middle-Income Countries, Latunde and colleagues investigate the application of stochastic optimal control to pension fund management. Their work considers the mathematical problem of allocating investments and managing contributions under uncertain financial conditions. The study demonstrates the relevance of stochastic modelling and optimisation to long-term financial planning, particularly in economic environments where investment decisions must account for significant uncertainty.

A different mathematical challenge arises when the systems being investigated exhibit oscillatory behaviour or stiffness. Conventional numerical integration methods may require small step sizes or additional computational effort to maintain acceptable accuracy and stability. Abdulganiy and colleagues address this problem in Block Third Derivative Trigonometrically-Fitted Methods for Stiff and Periodic Problems. The authors develop a family of numerical methods incorporating third derivatives and trigonometric fitting for the integration of differential equations. Such techniques are important because numerical algorithms must account for the mathematical properties of the systems they are intended to solve. The contribution illustrates the continuing need for specialised computational methods in scientific modelling.

The mathematical treatment of uncertainty also extends beyond conventional probability theory. Many practical problems involve information that is imprecise, incomplete, or difficult to represent using sharply defined classifications. In On Fuzzy Soft Set-Valued Maps with Application, Mohammed investigates mathematical structures involving fuzzy soft set-valued mappings. Fuzzy soft set theory provides a framework for representing uncertainty through parameter-dependent descriptions and graded membership. The study contributes to the theoretical development of these structures and considers their application to problems involving uncertain information. Research in this direction remains relevant to mathematical decision theory and other areas in which precise classification may not adequately represent available information.

Statistical inference presents another important dimension of uncertainty, particularly when the information being collected concerns sensitive personal characteristics or behaviour. Respondents may be unwilling to provide truthful answers when direct questioning could expose private information. Randomised response techniques were developed to address this difficulty by introducing controlled randomness into survey procedures. Adeniran and colleagues, in A Modifed Forced Randomized Response Model, propose a modification of the forced randomised response approach for estimating the proportion of individuals belonging to a sensitive population group. The contribution highlights the role of statistical methodology in obtaining useful population estimates while reducing the risks associated with direct disclosure of sensitive information.

Numerical analysis remains equally important when differential equations arise from physical, engineering, or other mathematical models. The performance of a numerical solver depends not only on its formal order of accuracy but also on its suitability for the behaviour of the underlying solution. In Exponentially Fitted Chebyshev Based Algorithm as Second Order Initial Value Solver, Adeyefa and Esan develop a numerical integration approach based on exponential fitting and Chebyshev techniques for second-order initial value problems. The study contributes to the design of numerical algorithms intended to approximate solutions of differential equations. Such investigations are essential to the broader development of computational mathematics because the reliability of numerical predictions depends on the properties of the methods used to obtain them.

The issue also includes Preparation and Characterization of High Performance Dye Sensitized Solar Cells with Silver Nanoparticles in nanocomposite Photoanode, by Danladi, Tasiu and Endas. The article addresses the use of silver nanoparticles in nanocomposite photoanodes for dye-sensitised solar cells, an area of materials research concerned with light absorption, charge transport, and photovoltaic energy conversion. Experimental characterisation is particularly important in this field because conclusions about device behaviour depend on reliable identification of material properties and structures.

The research presented in this issue points towards a broader observation: the development of mathematical techniques and the advancement of experimental science are closely connected through the demand for reliable evidence. Mathematical models require clearly stated assumptions and valid derivations. Numerical algorithms must be assessed for accuracy, stability, and convergence. Statistical methods must account for uncertainty and the limitations of collected data. Experimental investigations, in turn, require dependable measurements and appropriate characterisation procedures. Although the methods differ across disciplines, the underlying demand for reproducibility and scientific validity remains the same.

As JNSPS enters its second year, our editorial responsibility is to ensure that these principles are reflected in the assessment of submitted manuscripts. A scientifically meaningful contribution need not address a fashionable topic or employ an unnecessarily complicated method. Its value should be determined by the importance of the problem, the soundness of the investigation, and the knowledge gained from the results. We shall continue to encourage studies that develop new theoretical approaches, improve established methodologies, or provide credible scientific evidence relevant to existing research questions.

The experience gained during the journal's inaugural year has also reinforced the importance of a constructive relationship among authors, reviewers, and editors. Peer review should provide an independent assessment of the validity and significance of research while helping authors identify weaknesses that may affect the clarity or reliability of their work. Editorial decisions must remain fair, consistent, and guided by scientific considerations. Maintaining these standards is essential to earning the confidence of the research community.

Our ambition for the second volume is therefore not merely to increase the number of published articles. Greater importance must be placed on strengthening the quality of submissions, improving the efficiency of editorial procedures, and extending the journal's engagement with researchers across different scientific disciplines. A journal develops its reputation through consistent scholarly practice, and that reputation must be earned through the quality of the research it publishes.

I appreciate the authors who have contributed to this issue and the reviewers whose assessments have supported the editorial process. I also acknowledge the dedication of the editorial team and the continued support of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences. Their contributions remain important as we work towards the development of a sustainable and internationally respected scientific publication.

The beginning of Volume 2 represents another opportunity to strengthen our commitment to rigorous scientific investigation. I hope that the studies published in this issue will stimulate further research, encourage critical discussion, and contribute meaningfully to the advancement of knowledge across the scientific community.

B. J. Falaye
Editor-in-Chief, Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences
February 28, 2020
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2019

Editorial: From Mathematical Foundations to Technological Innovation: Reflections on the First Volume of JNSPS
The relationship between fundamental scientific research and technological development remains central to the advancement of modern science. Mathematical theories provide the foundation for understanding complex systems, computational methods allow researchers to investigate phenomena that may be difficult to examine experimentally, and advances in materials science continue to create opportunities for developing new technologies. The contributions presented in this issue of the Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences (JNSPS) reflect these connections and demonstrate the importance of maintaining a broad perspective in scientific investigation.

Volume 1, Issue 4 brings together four original research articles and one review article covering software engineering, computational materials science, fractional calculus, bioelectrochemical energy conversion, and applied geophysics. Although the studies address different scientific questions, they illustrate how mathematical reasoning, systematic investigation, and the development of appropriate research methods contribute to scientific progress.

One of the fundamental requirements of scientific and technological development is the effective organisation and application of knowledge. This is particularly important in software engineering, where development processes involve interconnected activities, procedures, and information. In Software Process Ontology: A case study of software organisations software process sub domains, Oveh and colleagues investigate the formal representation of knowledge within software process environments. Their work considers the use of ontological structures to organise concepts and relationships within software process subdomains. Beyond its immediate application, the study draws attention to the importance of knowledge representation in improving the consistency and accessibility of information within complex technical systems.

Computational approaches have also become indispensable in materials research, particularly where the properties of a material must be understood before its suitability for a particular application can be assessed. Shamsudeen and colleagues, in First-principles calculations of Fluorine-doped Titanium dioxide: A prospective material for solar cells application, employ density functional theory to investigate the structural and electronic properties of fluorine-doped anatase titanium dioxide. The study examines the influence of doping on material characteristics relevant to photovoltaic applications. Research of this nature illustrates the usefulness of quantum-mechanical calculations in evaluating candidate materials and guiding subsequent experimental investigations.

The importance of mathematical methods is further demonstrated in Solution of Fractional Order Equations in the Domain of the Mellin Transform, where Fadugba considers the application of the Mellin transform to fractional-order equations. Fractional calculus extends conventional differential and integral operators and provides a mathematical framework for investigating systems whose behaviour cannot always be adequately represented by integer-order models. The development of analytical techniques for such equations remains an important aspect of applied mathematics. By examining solutions within the Mellin transform domain, this contribution adds to the available mathematical approaches for treating fractional differential equations.

Energy research constitutes another important direction represented in this issue. The demand for alternative methods of energy generation has encouraged investigations into systems capable of converting chemical and biochemical energy into electrical power. In Optimization of Method and Components of Enzymatic Fuel Cells, Akinsola and colleagues examine methods and components associated with enzymatic fuel cells. These systems employ enzymes as biological catalysts in electrochemical reactions and offer an interesting approach to energy conversion using biochemical fuels. The study addresses aspects of fuel cell optimisation, reflecting the need to understand how material selection, system configuration, and operating methods influence device performance.

While the original research articles primarily address specific theoretical or technological problems, the review contribution considers an established experimental approach used in investigating the Earth's subsurface. In Review of top notch electrode arrays for geoelectrical resistivity surveys, Ohaegbuchu and colleagues examine electrode configurations employed in electrical resistivity measurements. The choice of electrode arrangement has important implications for survey design, sensitivity to subsurface structures, and the interpretation of geophysical observations. By bringing together information on commonly used arrays, the review provides a useful resource for researchers and practitioners undertaking geoelectrical investigations.

An important observation from these contributions is that scientific advancement does not necessarily follow a single methodological direction. Theoretical mathematics, computational simulations, experimental optimisation, knowledge representation, and methodological reviews each address different aspects of scientific inquiry. Their relevance lies in the questions they investigate, the reliability of their methods, and the extent to which their findings contribute to existing knowledge. A multidisciplinary journal should therefore provide an environment in which different scientific approaches can be evaluated according to the standards appropriate to their respective disciplines.

The publication of this fourth issue also marks the completion of the first volume of JNSPS. When the journal commenced publication in February 2019, our primary objective was to establish a scholarly platform through which researchers in Nigeria and the wider international community could communicate original findings across the physical sciences and related fields. The completion of four issues within this inaugural year represents an encouraging beginning and provides a foundation upon which the journal can continue to develop.

However, the establishment of a journal is only the beginning of a much longer responsibility. Sustaining its relevance requires more than maintaining a regular publication schedule. It demands careful assessment of scientific contributions, consistency in editorial decisions, adherence to research ethics, and a willingness to improve publishing practices as scholarly standards evolve. The value of a scientific journal must ultimately be measured by the credibility of its publications and their contributions to the advancement of knowledge.

As Editor-in-Chief, I consider the preservation of scientific integrity to be fundamental to the future of JNSPS. Every manuscript should be assessed on the strength of its research question, the suitability of its methodology, the validity of its analysis, and the extent to which its conclusions are supported by the findings. Originality remains essential, but it must be accompanied by scientific rigour, clarity, and responsible reporting. These principles will continue to guide our editorial decisions as the journal develops.

The completion of our first volume would not have been possible without the contributions of several individuals and groups. I acknowledge the researchers who submitted their work during the journal's inaugural year, particularly those who placed their confidence in a newly established publication. I also appreciate the reviewers who offered their expertise in evaluating manuscripts and the editorial team whose efforts contributed to the preparation and publication of the four issues. The continued support of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences has been essential in providing the institutional foundation for this initiative.

Looking towards the next volume, our attention will remain focused on strengthening the scientific content of the journal, improving its editorial processes, and encouraging contributions from a wider research community. We intend to promote research that advances fundamental scientific understanding while remaining receptive to interdisciplinary investigations and studies addressing practical scientific and technological problems.

The first year of JNSPS has established a starting point rather than a final achievement. The responsibility before us is to build a journal whose scientific contributions remain valuable beyond the year in which they are published. This will require sustained commitment from authors, reviewers, editors, and the broader scientific community.

As we conclude Volume 1 of the Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences, I express my appreciation to everyone who has contributed to its establishment. I look forward to the continued development of JNSPS as a journal distinguished by scientific quality, editorial integrity, and meaningful contributions to the advancement of knowledge.

B. J. Falaye
Editor-in-Chief, Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences
November 30, 2019
Volume 1, Issue 3, August 2019

Editorial: Advancing Mathematical, Chemical and Technological Research through Interdisciplinary Science
We are pleased to present the third issue of the Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences (JNSPS), Volume 1, Issue 3, August 2019. As the journal continues its first year of publication, we remain committed to providing a platform for the dissemination of original scientific research across mathematics, statistics, physics, astronomy, chemistry, earth sciences, computer science, and related interdisciplinary fields. Our objective is to encourage rigorous scientific investigation, promote research integrity, and facilitate the exchange of scientific knowledge within Nigeria and the international research community.

The advancement of science depends not only on the development of new theories and experimental techniques but also on the application of established scientific principles to emerging problems. Mathematical modelling, computational analysis, chemical synthesis, and technological investigations provide valuable approaches to understanding complex systems and addressing practical challenges. The interaction among these disciplines continues to create opportunities for scientific discoveries and technological development.

This issue contains five original research articles addressing mathematical epidemiology, fixed point theory, coordination chemistry, wireless communication, and operations research. Although the contributions cover different areas of scientific investigation, they share a common emphasis on mathematical reasoning, analytical methods, and the application of scientific principles to theoretical and practical problems.

The first article, The Solution of a Mathematical Model for Dengue Fever Transmission Using Differential Transformation Method, by Eguda and colleagues, applies the Differential Transformation Method to a mathematical model describing the transmission dynamics of dengue fever. Mathematical models are valuable tools for investigating infectious disease transmission and understanding the relationships among epidemiological variables. The study demonstrates the application of an analytical technique to a system of differential equations arising in disease modelling and contributes to the broader use of mathematical methods in epidemiological investigations.

The second contribution, Common Fixed Point Theorems for Multivalued Generalized F-Suzuki-Contraction Mappings in Complete Strong b-Metric Spaces, by Ibrahim, investigates common fixed point results for a class of multivalued contraction mappings. Fixed point theory remains an important area of mathematical analysis, with applications in nonlinear equations, optimisation, and the study of mathematical operators. By introducing a generalised contraction framework and establishing associated fixed point results, the study contributes to the theoretical development of nonlinear functional analysis.

In the third article, Synthesis, Characterization and Molecular Docking Studies of Mn (II) Complex of Sulfathiazole, Otuokere and colleagues examine a manganese(II) complex of sulfathiazole through chemical synthesis, characterisation, and molecular docking investigations. Coordination compounds derived from biologically active ligands continue to attract research interest because their structural and chemical properties may influence their biological interactions. The study combines experimental chemistry with computational molecular analysis, illustrating the importance of complementary techniques in investigating metal complexes and their potential biological relevance.

The fourth paper, Investigating the Performance of Point to Multipoint Microwave Connectivity across Undulating Landscape during Rainfall, by Nwankwo and Ukhurebor, addresses the performance of microwave communication systems under varying topographic and rainfall conditions. Reliable wireless connectivity depends on several environmental and technical factors, including terrain characteristics, signal propagation, and atmospheric conditions. The study contributes to understanding the challenges associated with microwave communication across uneven landscapes and highlights the relevance of environmental considerations in the design and assessment of wireless communication networks.

The final article, Sensitivity of Parameters in the Approach of Linear Programming to a Transportation Problem, by Latunde and colleagues, applies linear programming and sensitivity analysis to a transportation problem. Transportation planning involves the allocation of limited resources under operational and economic constraints. Mathematical optimisation provides a systematic means of investigating such problems and evaluating the effects of changes in model parameters. The study demonstrates the practical relevance of operations research in transportation management and decision-making.

Collectively, the five contributions illustrate the diversity of scientific problems that can be investigated through mathematical, experimental, and computational approaches. The studies on dengue fever transmission and fixed point theory demonstrate the relevance of mathematical analysis to both applied and theoretical investigations. The work on manganese complexes highlights the interaction between experimental chemistry and computational methods, while the contributions on microwave communication and transportation optimisation demonstrate the application of scientific principles to technological and operational challenges.

As the Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences progresses through its first volume, we recognise the importance of establishing a strong foundation for scholarly publishing. The long-term development of the journal will depend on the originality and scientific quality of its publications, the effectiveness of its peer-review processes, and the confidence of researchers in its editorial standards. We remain committed to evaluating manuscripts on their scientific merit, ensuring fairness and transparency in editorial decisions, and encouraging research findings that are supported by appropriate methods and evidence.

We extend our sincere appreciation to the authors whose research contributions appear in this issue and to the reviewers who devoted their time and expertise to the assessment of the submitted manuscripts. We also acknowledge the continued efforts of the editorial team and the support of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences in sustaining the journal during this important stage of its development.

We encourage researchers from Nigeria and across the international scientific community to continue contributing original and carefully conducted research to JNSPS. Through sustained collaboration, rigorous scientific inquiry, and a shared commitment to research excellence, we hope to strengthen the journal's contribution to scientific knowledge and establish it as a reputable platform for scholarly communication across the physical sciences and related disciplines.

We welcome readers to the third issue of the Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences and look forward to continued scientific contributions that advance knowledge and address important challenges facing society.

B. J. Falaye
Editor-in-Chief, Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences
August 31, 2019
Volume 1, Issue 2, May 2019

Editorial: Advancing Scientific Research through Mathematics, Geophysics and Energy Materials
We are pleased to present the second issue of the Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences (JNSPS), Volume 1, Issue 2, May 2019. Following the successful publication of our inaugural issue, we remain committed to providing a platform for the dissemination of original scientific research across mathematics, statistics, physics, astronomy, chemistry, earth sciences, computer science, and related interdisciplinary fields.

Scientific advancement depends on the continuous development of theoretical understanding, experimental techniques, and computational methods. These approaches complement one another in addressing fundamental scientific questions and practical challenges. As research problems become increasingly complex, collaboration across disciplines remains essential for developing reliable methods, improving existing technologies, and extending the boundaries of scientific knowledge.

This issue features five original research articles covering fixed point theory in Banach spaces, geophysical modelling, numerical methods for differential equations, and the simulation and optimisation of perovskite solar cells. The contributions demonstrate the importance of mathematical rigour and computational analysis in both fundamental and applied scientific investigations.

The first article, Strong Convergence Theorems for Split Common Fixed Point Problem of Bregman Generalized Asymptotically Nonexpansive Mappings in Banach Spaces, by Ibrahim, introduces an iterative scheme and establishes strong convergence results for a class of split common fixed point problems in Banach spaces. The study contributes to the mathematical theory of iterative approximation methods and provides further insight into convergence properties associated with nonlinear mappings. Such investigations remain important in functional analysis, optimisation, and related mathematical applications.

The second contribution, Modeling of Self Potential (SP) Anomalies over a Polarized Rod with Finite Depth Extents, by Fagbemigun and colleagues, examines the modelling of self-potential anomalies associated with a subsurface polarised rod. Geophysical modelling provides a useful means of understanding the expected responses of subsurface structures before field measurements are undertaken. This work contributes to the interpretation of electrical potential anomalies and highlights the relevance of theoretical modelling in geophysical exploration and subsurface investigations.

The third article, Numerical Simulation of Sandwiched Perovskite-Based Solar Cell Using Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D), by Bello and colleagues, investigates the performance of a perovskite-based solar cell using numerical simulation. Perovskite materials have attracted considerable research interest because of their promising optoelectronic properties and potential applications in photovoltaic technologies. The study demonstrates how computational tools can be used to investigate solar cell characteristics and assess factors influencing device performance.

The fourth paper, A Class of Block Multi-derivative Numerical Techniques for Singular Advection Equations, by Ogunniran, addresses the numerical solution of differential equations involving singularities. Such equations can present considerable mathematical and computational difficulties, particularly when conventional numerical procedures are inadequate. The study contributes to the development of multi-derivative numerical techniques for solving singular advection equations and illustrates the continuing importance of numerical analysis in mathematical modelling.

The final article, Simulation and Optimization of Lead-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Cuprous Oxide as a P-type Inorganic Layer, by Eli and colleagues, investigates the use of cuprous oxide as an inorganic hole-transporting layer in lead-based perovskite solar cells. The selection of suitable charge transport materials is an important consideration in photovoltaic device performance and stability. Through simulation and optimisation, the study examines material and device characteristics relevant to improving the performance of perovskite solar cells.

Collectively, the five articles reflect the complementary roles of theoretical mathematics, numerical computation, and physical modelling in scientific research. While the contributions address different problems, they share a common emphasis on the use of systematic mathematical and computational approaches to investigate complex systems. The two studies on perovskite solar cells also demonstrate the growing relevance of computational materials research to the development of renewable energy technologies.

As the Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences continues to develop, our editorial priority remains the publication of original, scientifically sound, and carefully evaluated research. We recognise that the credibility of a scholarly journal rests on the quality of its published contributions and the integrity of its editorial and peer-review processes. We shall therefore continue to encourage rigorous scientific investigation, clear presentation of research methods, and conclusions that are adequately supported by the evidence presented.

We sincerely appreciate the authors whose contributions have made this issue possible, the reviewers who devoted their time and expertise to the assessment of manuscripts, and the members of the editorial team for their continued commitment to the journal. We also acknowledge the support of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences in sustaining this initiative and promoting scholarly communication within the scientific community.

We encourage researchers in Nigeria and across the world to continue submitting original research that advances scientific understanding and addresses important theoretical and practical questions. Through sustained commitment to research quality, editorial independence, and scientific integrity, we hope to strengthen the position of JNSPS as a platform for the dissemination of valuable scientific contributions.

We welcome readers to the second issue of the Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences and look forward to the continued advancement of scientific knowledge through the contributions of our research community.

B. J. Falaye
Editor-in-Chief, Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences
May 2019
Volume 1, Issue 1, February 2019

Editorial: Inaugural Issue of the Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences
It is with great pleasure that we present the inaugural issue of the Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences (JNSPS). The establishment of this journal represents an important milestone in the commitment of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences to promoting scientific research, scholarly communication, and the dissemination of knowledge across the physical sciences and related disciplines.

The journal is established to provide a platform for researchers within Nigeria and the international scientific community to publish original research findings, exchange scientific ideas, and contribute to developments in mathematics, statistics, physics, astronomy, chemistry, earth sciences, computer science, and interdisciplinary fields. Our objective is to encourage rigorous scientific investigation, promote research integrity, and make valuable scientific contributions accessible to a wider audience.

This inaugural issue contains five original research articles covering diverse areas of scientific investigation, including geophysics, medicinal plant research, statistical modelling, mathematical epidemiology, and applied mathematics. The diversity of these contributions reflects the multidisciplinary character of the journal and demonstrates the relevance of the physical and mathematical sciences to practical problems.

The first article, The Delineation of Groundwater and Geotechnical Parameters within Marmara Area of Chikun Local Government of Kaduna State, Nigeria, by Kure and colleagues, presents a geophysical investigation using vertical electrical sounding techniques. The study contributes to understanding subsurface characteristics and their implications for groundwater exploration and engineering applications.

The second contribution, Antimicrobial Assessment of Different Solvent Extracts of the Root-bark, Stem-bark and Leaves of Acacia ataxacantha Linn., by Oguntoye and colleagues, investigates the antimicrobial potential of extracts obtained from different parts of a medicinal plant. This work contributes to the scientific assessment of traditionally used medicinal plants and provides a basis for further investigations into their biological activities.

In the third article, Application of the Exponentiated Log-Logistic Weibull Distribution to Censored Data, Fagbamigbe and colleagues examine the application of a statistical distribution to censored observations. The study highlights the importance of developing and applying flexible probability models in survival analysis, reliability studies, and other areas involving incomplete observations.

The fourth paper, An Epidemic Model of Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis with Time Delay, by Adamu and Hussaini, addresses the transmission dynamics of a zoonotic infectious disease through mathematical modelling. By incorporating time delay into the transmission process, the study demonstrates the role of mathematical analysis in understanding disease dynamics and supporting epidemiological investigations.

The final article, Eigenvalue Elasticity and Sensitivity Analyses of the Transmission Dynamic Model of Corruption, by Binuyo, applies mathematical techniques to investigate a model of corruption transmission. The study illustrates how mathematical modelling and sensitivity analysis can be extended beyond conventional physical systems to examine complex social phenomena.

Collectively, these five contributions demonstrate the broad applicability of mathematical, statistical, experimental, and computational approaches to scientific problems. They also reinforce the importance of interdisciplinary research in addressing challenges relevant to society.

As we commence the publication of the Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences, we recognise that the success of the journal will depend on the quality of the research it publishes, the integrity of its editorial processes, and the sustained contributions of the scientific community. We are committed to maintaining rigorous peer-review standards, ensuring fairness and transparency in editorial decisions, and promoting the publication of scientifically sound and original research.

We extend our sincere appreciation to the authors who entrusted their research to this inaugural issue, the reviewers who contributed their expertise to the evaluation of manuscripts, and the members of the editorial team whose efforts have made this publication possible. We also acknowledge the support of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences in establishing a scholarly platform dedicated to scientific advancement.

We invite researchers from Nigeria and across the world to contribute high-quality manuscripts to subsequent issues of the journal. Through sustained collaboration, critical scientific inquiry, and a shared commitment to research excellence, we hope to establish JNSPS as a reputable platform for the communication and advancement of scientific knowledge.

Welcome to the inaugural issue of the Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences.

B. J. Falaye
Editor-in-Chief, Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences
February 28, 2019

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